Is this the first slasher movie?
There is no definitive answer as to what the first slasher movie really is. Many point to Michael Powell's Peeping Tom or even Psycho. Some still say it's John Carpenter's original Halloween, a movie which, even if not the first slasher movie ever made can still be called the most influential. It's the movie that producer Sean Cunningham was ripping off when he made the original Friday the 13th, the copycat that launched a thousand more copycats. There has been a push in the last 10-15 years, though, to recognize Bob Clark's 1974 film Black Christmas (aka Silent Night, Evil Night) as the first real slasher, as a clear line can be drawn between it and Carpenter's classic. I tend to agree with the assessment.
It's Christmas time at a sorority house. An unseen killer sneaks in and has a look around (in a POV shot Carpenter would directly lift for the opening of Halloween), then proceeds to make a series of weird and unsettling calls to the women in the house. Over the course of the next few days, the sorority sisters -- including Olivia Hussey, Andrea Martin, Curtains' Lynne Griffin and Margot Kidder -- are killed off.
Unseen assailant murdering people one at a time? Check. Young women as victims? Check. A setting that cuts the characters off from the rest of the world? Check. One of director Bob Clark's masterstrokes in directing Black Christmas is just how cold he makes it feel outside, which goes a long way towards creating atmosphere and also contributes to the sense of isolation the movie engenders. I wrote recently in a list of essential Bob Clark movies that he doesn't get enough credit for making some of the best horror movies of the 1970s (and in addition to more or less inventing the slasher genre, he also helped create the teen sex comedy of the '80s with Porky's). Black Christmas truly is one of the best of the decade -- a movie that would be brilliant and important even if it wasn't so influential.
Consider the way that Clark stages the murder of (spoilers) Mrs. MacHenry, the house mother. She is alone in the house, or so she thinks. She calls out to the other girls again and again with no response (the only line of dialogue missing is "This isn't funny..."). She climbs up into the attic and discovers the dead body of one of the girls, asphyxiated by a plastic bag on the head in the movie's most iconic image. Within seconds of registering what she is seeing, she is impaled through the neck on a hook; Clark cuts away just as the hook reaches Mrs. Mac and we hear her screaming off camera. Everything about the shot composition and editing in the scene creates the language of slasher murders for the next 10-15 years, with the only major difference being that later films wouldn't cut away from the hook going into the body but instead make that moment the reason for the scene's being -- slasher films would eventually be more about the possibilities of makeup effects than about trying to scare us.
Also established in Black Christmas: the police (read: authorities) are ineffectual. They become involved almost from the beginning when the girls call the cops -- led by none other than the great John Saxon -- after getting the creepy calls. It does not matter. Try as they might, the cops are unable to learn the identity of the killer or stop him before he wipes out almost all of the girls in the house. This is a trope that would carry through many of the most popular slashers that followed, from Carpenter's Halloween (and that's his own daughter that Charles Cypher can't save), the original A Nightmare on Elm Street (John Saxon again), Friday the 13th VI: Jason Lives...the list goes on. The inability of the police to successfully intervene requires Jessica (Hussey) to take matters into her own hands and bring down the killer herself; while it may not have invented the Final Girl, Black Christmas provides us with one of the early examples of a convention that is inextricable from the slasher genre.
The key component of subsequent slashers not codified in Black Christmas is the "gimmick" of the killer; he makes creepy phone calls, sure, leading girls to dub him "The Moaner," but (spoilers) his identity is never learned. We don't see his face -- at least, not that we know. This is something Carpenter would change in creating Michael Myers -- "The Shape" -- in Halloween, and something that would influence almost every slasher to follow. Memorable masks and/or weapons became the only way that the slashers cranked out during the early '80s boom could distinguish themselves. Would anyone remember anything about Slaughter High if it wasn't for the jester mask? (Ok, yes, and Caroline Munro.) For all the ways that the original Friday the 13th rips off Halloween, this is one aspect in which it holds closer to Black Christmas; the first movie treats the killer's identity as more of a "whodunit," a tradition born out of the Italian giallo film. It wouldn't be until Friday the 13th Part 3 -- four years after Halloween -- that Jason Voorhees would first don his hockey mask and the franchise would find its face.
This would change with the 2006 remake written and directed by Glen Morgan, which created a clear identity for the killer complete with origin and gimmick -- he's severely jaundiced and has a history of murder, having killed his mother and eaten cookies made of her skin when he was just a boy. None of this makes the remake a better movie in any way; to the contrary, it removes the threat of the unknown by telling exactly who and exactly why the caller is murdering the girls in the house. In short, the remake gives Michael Myers a sister. I have not revisited the 2006 version (often referred to as Black X-Mas) since it first came out on DVD. I have been told it's secretly really good, but this is not my memory of the movie. I'll get back to it some day. Probably. Maybe.
I love Black Christmas, even if it is a lot of people talking on phones. It's partly because it's the rare horror movie that I actually find kind of scary -- those phone calls are legitimately creepy, as we can hear a lot of weird voices and screaming but can't really understand what's being said. It's partly because it's a really well-made movie from a director whose output through most of the '80s and '90s served to undermine the great work he was doing in the '70s for most of the critical community. And it's partly because it helped birth the slasher genre, a subgenre of horror I'm on record as loving despite the fact that there are so few actual good ones. I know that there are movies predating this one that paved the way for slashers; perhaps Clark's greatest achievement in Black Christmas is synthesizing those elements that came before into something that most closely resembles the slasher as we would come to know it. I don't think that's it, though. I truly think Bob Clark was on to something, and the popularity of the genre he had such a large hand in shaping over the next 15 years bears that out. Even if Black Christmas isn't technically the first slasher movie, it remains one of the best.
Perfect, i will be respinning that disc for this one tonight, i bought it a while back because of the love AJ Bowen has for this film, i am also on record as loving Slashers so Bob Clark get my respect,
ReplyDeletePs i met Caroline Munro, she was lovely, i got my Maniac Vhs and The last horror film poster signed
Out of interest Rebekah Mc Kendry as you probably remember always sights Thirteen women from 1932 as the first actual slasher film,
I consider Bay Of Blood the first slasher in my opinion. It sets up all the tropes.
ReplyDeleteYeah, even though not the first, Black Christmas perfected it. The atmosphere is so thick and you literally feel cold watching it from all of the snow falling.
ReplyDeleteThe remake is void of any kind of feeling or atmosphere but the cast is great and the kills are updated to lunacy. I wouldn't say it's "secretly good", I'd actually say it's an insult to the original, but it's a fine, lazy day watch.
Great piece. I'm reminded of a good one from Jacob Knight at BMD in which he argues that JAWS 2 is one of the first slashers, as well. While that movie irritates the heck out of me, I thought it was a decent companion reading. Link for the interested: http://bit.ly/22Cw5Ne
ReplyDeleteGreat review! Up here in Canada this is not a controversial pick for First Slasher, but I gotta say, on viewing Bay of Blood last Junesploitation, I'm kind of with Travis - why is that not in the discussion? I feel like there might be a disqualifier I'm not aware of or something?
ReplyDeleteAnyway, I really need to watch this again as I watched it at a time when older horror movies didn't do it for me and I'm pretty sure I'll appreciate it much more now.
This is a film that I have a particular fondness for. Though many people consider Bava's Bay of Blood the first slasher, this masterpiece does set up many things that would later be considered "slasher conventions."
ReplyDeleteThis is a highly underrated film and I used to actually show it when I taught a college course on horror films. I love this one and I am so happy that it and Bob Clark get so much love over here at FTM...because his films are special to me too.
If anyone is interested, Dion and I covered this film over at the Saturday Night Movie Sleepovers podcasts awhile back. It was an early episode for us, so it didn't get a lot of attention, but it remains one of favorites. If reading this article has peaked your interest and you want to get even deeper into this film, its history & impact, go check it out: http://saturdaysleepovers.podwits.com/2014/12/12/bob-clarks-black-christmas-1974/
Another great article Patrick!
Thanks,
Blake
I liked the story about buying John Saxon's personal copy of Black Christmas, good fun
DeleteIt was a terrific episode fellas. And John Saxon story cracked me up as well!
DeleteLol...thanks so much for listening guys. It is one of my fav episodes and that Saxon story is a brief experience that I treasure. I remember it like it was yesterday. I can still see the slight confusion on his face when I asked to buy it. Gotta love Saxon.
DeleteThanks for the replies Dennis and Daniel!
Blake
I feel like I have little right to comment on horror or slasher films but I DID see Psycho years ago, of course, and have a question: You know how you said the remake of Black Christmas made the killer LESS scary because it gave his motive away- was anyone kind of disappointed by the ending of Pyscho for the same reason? The unknown stuff happening in the Mother's house, the physical distance of it from the motel and finally getting to the Mother's house was the scary part for me. But when it was revealed Perkins was just psycho I kind of thought that was too much information that made it less scary?
ReplyDeleteThe jury will always be out on this subject. Some will point to Psycho, to Twitch of the Death Nerve, to The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, to Black Christmas, to John Carpenter's Halloween. I consider John Carpenter's Halloween the first slasher film because the label came into prominence following that film. But the other four films certainly set the precedent for what came after.
ReplyDelete1960's Peeping Tom also needs to be mentioned...maybe even more so than Psycho, if we're talking slasher. ;-)
Delete- Blake
I really need to see Peeping Tom. Everyone says it's great.
DeleteWhoops. Yeah, you're right about Peeping Tom. It does deserve a mention.
DeleteI've heard people mention Violent Midnight from 1963.
Delete" is just how cold he makes it feel outside." It's probably easier to make it feel cold outside, when it is cold out, as is the case in Canada in the winter! Easier than when filming on a Hollywood lot, with fake snow. But I agree, the film very successfully conveys the feeling of winter, which adds a lot to the atmosphere of the movie.
ReplyDeleteThere are a lot of Slashers I'm a fan of, but this is still the one and only slasher film I found legitimately scary. It's a very impressive piece.
ReplyDeleteI feel the same way about the original. It feels really creepy and the house is always shot to make it look isolated and foreboding. and a drunken Margot Kidder(with those weird glass figurines above her bed) does a good job a well. I remember seeing it on vhs as a child and FREAKING OUT when the phone rings at the end. the credits are rolling and I'm like "NOOOOO!!! He's still in the attic!!" and the cops standing there smoking a cig in front of the house oblivious. still kind of scares me.
ReplyDeleteOne of my all time favorite movies. Though personally I'd put the first ANOES as my top Slasher movie, Black Christmas is a close second, with the original Halloween being also right there in the podium. Three great, great movies.
ReplyDeleteWhat is even more astounding is that neither Black Christmas nor Halloween are exactly violent movies in the sense of what they show. For what I remember, Black Christmas doesn't even have a drop of blood on screen (the most graphic thing being that dead cop outside the sorority, and still it isn't very graphic). It's quite ironic, considering the genre later became known for it's death scenes and boobs (another thing that Black Christmas lacks).
Also, the common thread that these three movies have is that they are very cerebral. Both Black Christmas and Halloween are very slow paced, with likable characters (specially Black Christmas) slowly but surely figuring out there's something deeply wrong. But it takes it time. It oozes with a certain tranquility, like a chilly wind blow...
And then, of course, ANOES is literally cerebral, since it takes place inside the protagonists heads and plays with their fears and weaknesses. And Englund as Freddy takes the cake: being calm and cold blooded in the first one or being funny in the sequels, he will always be my favorite in that regard.